Addressing a judge correctly in court in Wisconsin is crucial for showing respect for the legal process and ensuring clear communication. ¹ Here's a breakdown of how to address a judge in various situations:  

The Most Common and Preferred Method:

• "Your Honor": This is the most common and widely accepted way to address a judge in Circuit Court, and the Court of Appeals. It's a formal and respectful title.
• In small claims court, you can refer to the judge as a "Commissioner" - as that is their proper title. 

How to Use "Your Honor":

• When speaking directly to the judge:
  • "Your Honor, I understand."
  • "Your Honor, may I approach the bench?"
  • "Your Honor, the evidence shows..."
  • "Your Honor, with all due respect..."
• When answering a question from the judge:
  • "Yes, Your Honor."
  • "No, Your Honor."
• When referring to the judge in the third person:
  • "As Your Honor stated..."
  • "According to Your Honor's ruling..."

Less Common but Still Acceptable:

• "Judge" followed by the judge's last name: While "Your Honor" is preferred, using "Judge [Last Name]" is generally acceptable, especially in more formal settings
  • "Judge Smith, I believe the precedent is..."
  • "Judge Jones, could you clarify your question?"

Important Considerations and Etiquette:

• Listen carefully: Pay attention to how the judge introduces themselves or how other attorneys and court staff address them. This can provide a direct cue.
• Be consistent: Once you've chosen a form of address, stick with it throughout the hearing or trial.
• Maintain a respectful tone: Your tone of voice should be polite and deferential, regardless of the situation.
• Avoid familiarity: Never address the judge by their first name or any informal titles like "Sir" or "Ma'am."
• When in doubt, use "Your Honor": It is always a safe and respectful choice in any Wisconsin court.
• If you have an attorney: Your attorney will handle the formal address of the judge. Pay attention to how they do it.
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In summary, the best and most consistently correct way to address a judge in court in Wisconsin is "Your Honor." It demonstrates respect and adheres to the established customs of the legal system. When in doubt, always err on the side of formality.

Attorney Nathan DeLadurantey offers free consultations to explain your legal rights in Wisconsin. Free consultations can be scheduled online.